16,090 research outputs found
Out-of-equilibrium density dynamics of a spinful Luttinger liquid
Using a Luttinger liquid theory we investigate the time evolution of the
particle density of a one-dimensional spinful fermionic system with open
boundaries and subject to a finite-duration quench of the inter-particle
interaction. Taking into account also the turning on of an umklapp perturbation
to the system Hamiltonian as a result of the quench, we study the possible
formation of a Wigner molecule inside the system, focusing in particular on the
sudden and adiabatic regimes. We show that the creation of this correlated
state is essentially due to the propagation of "light-cone" perturbations
through system which arise after both switching on and switching off the
quenching protocol and that its behavior strongly depends on the quench
duration.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures. Proceedings submitted to Nuovo Cimento C -
Colloquia and Communications in Physic
Complexity in cancer stem cells and tumor evolution: towards precision medicine
In this review, we discuss recent advances on the plasticity of cancer stem
cells and highlight their relevance to understand the metastatic process and to
guide therapeutic interventions. Recent results suggest that the strict
hierarchical structure of cancer cell populations advocated by the cancer stem
cell model must be reconsidered since the depletion of cancer stem cells leads
the other tumor cells to switch back into the cancer stem cell phenotype. This
plasticity has important implications for metastasis since migrating cells do
not need to be cancer stem cells in order to seed a metastasis. We also discuss
the important role of the immune system and the microenvironment in modulating
phenotypic switching and suggest possible avenues to exploit our understanding
of this process to develop an effective strategy for precision medicine.Comment: 2 Figures, to appear in Seminars in Cancer Biology, Available online
23 February 201
Energy-Efficient selective activation in Femtocell Networks
Provisioning the capacity of wireless networks is difficult when peak load is significantly higher than average load, for example, in public spaces like airports or train stations. Service providers can use femtocells and small cells to increase local capacity, but deploying enough femtocells to serve peak loads requires a large number of femtocells that will remain idle most of the time, which wastes a significant amount of power.
To reduce the energy consumption of over-provisioned femtocell networks, we formulate a femtocell selective activation problem, which we formalize as an integer nonlinear optimization problem. Then we introduce GREENFEMTO, a distributed femtocell selective activation algorithm that deactivates idle femtocells to
save power and activates them on-the-fly as the number of users increases. We prove that GREENFEMTO converges to a locally Pareto optimal solution and demonstrate its performance using extensive simulations of an LTE wireless system. Overall, we find that GREENFEMTO requires up to 55% fewer femtocells to serve a given user load, relative to an existing femtocell power-saving procedure, and comes within 15% of a globally optimal solution
Universal conductivity and dimensional crossover in multi-layer graphene
We show, by exact Renormalization Group methods, that in multi-layer graphene
the dimensional crossover energy scale is decreased by the intra-layer
interaction, and that for temperatures and frequencies greater than such scale
the conductivity is close to the one of a stack of independent layers up to
small corrections
Conformational mechanism for the stability of microtubule-kinetochore attachments
Regulating the stability of microtubule(MT)-kinetochore attachments is
fundamental to avoiding mitotic errors and ensure proper chromosome segregation
during cell division. While biochemical factors involved in this process have
been identified, its mechanics still needs to be better understood. Here we
introduce and simulate a mechanical model of MT-kinetochore interactions in
which the stability of the attachment is ruled by the geometrical conformations
of curling MT-protofilaments entangled in kinetochore fibrils. The model allows
us to reproduce with good accuracy in vitro experimental measurements of the
detachment times of yeast kinetochores from MTs under external pulling forces.
Numerical simulations suggest that geometrical features of MT-protofilaments
may play an important role in the switch between stable and unstable
attachments
A Convolutional Neural Network for the Automatic Diagnosis of Collagen VI related Muscular Dystrophies
The development of machine learning systems for the diagnosis of rare
diseases is challenging mainly due the lack of data to study them. Despite this
challenge, this paper proposes a system for the Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD)
of low-prevalence, congenital muscular dystrophies from confocal microscopy
images. The proposed CAD system relies on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
which performs an independent classification for non-overlapping patches tiling
the input image, and generates an overall decision summarizing the individual
decisions for the patches on the query image. This decision scheme points to
the possibly problematic areas in the input images and provides a global
quantitative evaluation of the state of the patients, which is fundamental for
diagnosis and to monitor the efficiency of therapies.Comment: Submitted for review to Expert Systems With Application
Review
Obra ressenyada: Eugenio d'ORS, The science of culture. Coloma de Queralt: Obrador Edèndum, 2011
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